Electrical drive apparatus which can be operated via a full-bridge circuit, with a different load depending on the drive direction

ABSTRACT

An electrical drive apparatus, in particular, a motor-driven motor vehicle window winder or motor vehicle belt roller, which can be operated via a full bridge circuit with at least four switching elements with a different load depending on the rotation direction, wherein the switching elements are individually designed on the basis of their different maximum loads, in the sense of an asymmetric full bridge.

PRIORITY

[0001] This application claims foreign priority of the German application DE10224244.5 filed May 29, 2002.

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The invention relates to an electrical drive apparatus which can be operated via a full bridge circuit having at least four bridge switching elements in two directions with a different load depending on the drive direction, in particular an electric motor which can be driven in both rotation directions via the bridge switching elements.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] Full bridges of the above-mentioned type generally have two parallel bridge arms, each having at least two switching elements arranged in series, between the connections of a supplying DC voltage; the drive to be controlled, in particular in the form of an electric motor with a commutator, is connected between the junction points of the series circuit formed by the switching elements and hence in a bridge arm which represents the diagonal to the parallel bridge arms that are fitted with the switching elements. Depending on the rotation direction, a load current flows in a bridge path which either includes the first switching element of the first bridge arm and the second switching element of the other bridge arm or the first switching element of the other bridge arm and the second switching element of the first bridge arm.

[0004] Drives such as these are being increasingly used for auxiliary drives in motor vehicles, in particular for motor-driven window winders or for motor-driven belt rollers.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0005] According to the object of the present invention, the aim is to reduce the production cost for drives of the above-mentioned type while ensuring that they still remain suitable for use.

[0006] The respective load, in particular the specific maximum load, is generally defined by thermal data, that is to say not solely by the maximum current level.

[0007] On the basis of the knowledge that drives of the abovementioned type or of a similar type are loaded differently depending on the rotation direction, the specific choice of the bridge switching elements according to the invention on the basis of their arrangement and load in the full bridge in the sense of a corresponding asymmetric full bridge makes it possible to noticeably minimize the costs, in particular when using electronic switching elements, since it is possible to avoid costly derating of the switching elements deliberately in the bridge paths which are subject to less load in one of the rotation directions.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] The invention as well as further advantageous refinements will be described in more detail in the following text using an exemplary embodiment of a full bridge drive for a motor with a commutator whose load is different depending on the rotation direction; in the drawing:

[0009]FIG. 1 shows a full bridge circuit with four bridge switching elements, which are fully driven in one rotation direction, that is to say they are not clocked and are loaded with a specific load current I_(L1), in order to operate the motor with a commutator;

[0010]FIG. 2 shows the full bridge circuit shown in FIG. 1, fully driven in the opposite rotation direction and with a low current of I_(L2)=0.5I_(L1);

[0011]FIG. 3 shows the full bridge circuit as shown in FIG. 1 with a partial drive level corresponding to a duty ratio of the main switching elements of 75% and a freewheeling current during the pulse pauses; and

[0012]FIG. 4 shows the full bridge circuit shown in FIG. 2 with a partial drive level corresponding to a duty ratio of the main switching elements of 50% and a freewheeling current during the pulse pauses.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0013] FIGS. 1 to 4 are based on a full bridge circuit with series-connected first and second bridge switching elements S1; S2 which form a first bridge arm, preferably in the form of electronic switching elements, and with series-connected third and fourth bridge switching elements S3; S4, which form a parallel second bridge arm.

[0014] The end points of the bridge arms are connected at their end to a battery voltage Ub (positive pole) and at their other end to GND (ground negative pole), in order to supply them with voltage.

[0015] Between the junction point of the first bridge switching element S1 and the second bridge switching element S2 on the one hand, and the junction point between the third bridge switching element S3 and the fourth bridge switching element S4 on the other hand, a commutator motor which is fed via brushes B1; B2 is connected in a diagonal arm, as the electric motor M.

[0016] When the bridge switching elements S1; S4 are closed and are being fully driven a first load current I_(L1) flows and drives the electric motor M in a first rotation direction n1; when the bridge switching elements (S2; S3) are closed and are fully driven, a second load current I_(L2), for example of 50% of I_(L1), flows and drives the electric motor M in a second rotation direction n2, which is the opposite direction to the first rotation direction n1, with a correspondingly reduced load.

[0017] A load situation with current flowing through the bridge arms S1 and S4 in this way may occur, in particular, when raising a motor vehicle window by means of a motor-driven window winder or when tightening, in particular in the event of a crash, a motor-driven motor vehicle belt drive; a load situation in which current flows through the bridge arms S3 and S2 in this way may occur in particular when lowering a motor vehicle window by means of a motor-driven window winder or when loosening a belt by means of a motor-driven motor vehicle belt drive.

[0018]FIG. 3 is based on the assumption of a load current I_(L1), flowing via the bridge arm with the switching elements S1; S4 and with a motor rotation direction n1 and, in comparison to FIG. 1, on a duty ratio of, for example, 75% in order to reduce the rotation speed; in this case, and on the assumption of a freewheeling current which needs to be taken into account and is identified by the dashed line contour, the following load conditions occur for the switching elements S4; S2 through the bridges—in order to dissipate the magnetic energy during the pulse pauses:

[0019] S1 with 75% I_(L1)

[0020] S2 with 25% I_(L1) (freewheeling current)

[0021] S3 with 0% I_(L1)

[0022] S4 with 100% I_(L2) (motor load current)

[0023]FIG. 4 assumes a load current of I_(L2)=0.5 I_(L1) flowing via the bridge arm with the switching elements S3; S2 and a motor rotation n2 and, in comparison to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, a duty ratio of, for example, 50% in order to reduce the rotation speed; this results in the following load conditions:

[0024] S1 with 0% I_(L2)0%→I_(L1)

[0025] S2 with 100% I_(L2)→50% I_(L1)

[0026] S3 with 50% I_(L2)25% I_(L1)

[0027] S4 with 50% I_(L2)25% I_(L1)

[0028] By superimposing the two load situations mentioned above with the respectively assumed duty ratio, this results in the following individual maximum load on the individual bridge switching elements which, according to the invention, is used as the basis for optimizing the choice and dimensioning of the bridge switching elements in the sense of an asymmetric full bridge.

[0029] S1→75% I_(L1)

[0030] S2→50% I_(L2)

[0031] S3→25% I_(L1)

[0032] S4→100% I_(L2)

[0033] A clock frequency above the audibility limit, in particular above 20 kHz, is advantageously provided; on the basis of this clock frequency and with the load definition as in the above-mentioned exemplary embodiments, it can be assumed that, as shown in FIG. 3, the fourth bridge switching element S4 is loaded at the same time both with the load current I_(L1) and with the first freewheeling current I_(F1), and that, as shown in FIG. 4, the second bridge switching element S2 is loaded both with the second load current I_(L2) and with the second freewheeling current I_(F2).

[0034] The central idea on which the solution to the present invention is based can be summarized as follows:

[0035] The costs involved for an electrical drive apparatus, in particular a motor-driven motor vehicle window winder or motor vehicle belt roller, which can be operated via a full bridge circuit with at least four switching elements S1-S4 with a different load I_(L1) or I_(L2) depending on the rotation direction n1 or n2, can be reduced by the switching elements S1-S4 each being designed individually on the basis of their different maximum load, in the sense of an asymmetric full bridge.

[0036] The preceding description of the exemplary embodiments according to the present invention is intended only for illustrative purposes and not for the purpose of restricting the invention. Within the scope of the invention, various changes and modifications are possible without departing from the scope of the invention and its equivalents. 

What is claimed is:
 1. An electrical drive apparatus operatable via a full bridge circuit having at least four bridge switches in two directions, with a load which is different in each drive direction, in particular an electric motor which can be driven in two rotation directions via the bridge switches, wherein the ratings of said individual bridge switches are designed on the basis of their respective maximum loads in the sense of an asymmetric full bridge.
 2. A drive apparatus as claimed in claim 1, comprising mechanical switches, in particular relays, as the bridge switches.
 3. A drive apparatus as claimed in claim 1, comprising electronic switches, in particular thyristors, as the bridge switch.
 4. A drive apparatus as claimed in claim 3, comprising electronic bridge switch, in particular thyristors, which are clocked in the sense of the drive apparatus having a controllable speed.
 5. A drive apparatus as claimed in claim 4, comprising a clock frequency which is above the audibility limit, in particular above 20 kHz, for the clocked electronic bridge switches.
 6. A drive apparatus as claimed in claim 4, wherein the maximum load on the respective bridge switches is determined by taking into account the actual load current in the bridge path which contains this bridge switch, and of a freewheeling current in the freewheeling branch which contains these bridge switch with clocked load current drive being determined via the other bridge arm.
 7. A drive apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said drive is adapted for a motor-driven window winder drive or a belt roller drive for a motor vehicle.
 8. A drive apparatus as claimed in claim 7, wherein the rotation speed of the window winder drive motor or belt roller winding motor being controlled via the switching duty ratio of the bridge switches.
 9. A drive apparatus as claimed in claim 7, having a higher load during window raising or belt tightening operation in a first rotation direction; and a lower load during window lowering or belt loosening operation in a second rotation direction, which is the opposite direction to the first.
 10. A drive apparatus as claimed in claim 9, wherein the power rating for a first bridge switch is 75% of an assumed load current; the power rating for a second bridge switch is 50% of an assumed load current; the power rating for a third bridge switch is 25% of an assumed load current; the power rating for a fourth bridge switch is 100% of an assumed load current.
 11. Switches for an electrical two-direction drive apparatus operatable via a full bridge circuit having at least four switches, said switches having different loads in each drive direction, wherein the rating of each switch is designed on the basis of their respective maximum loads relative to an asymmetric full bridge.
 12. A switch as claimed in claim 11, wherein said switch is a relay switch.
 13. A switch as claimed in claim 11, wherein said switch is a thyristor switch.
 14. A switch as claimed in claim 13, wherein the switch is clocked in the sense of the drive apparatus having a controllable speed.
 15. A switch as claimed in claim 14, wherein the switch has a clock frequency greater than 20 kHz.
 16. A switch as claimed in claim 14, wherein the maximum load is determined by taking into account the actual load current in the bridge path which contains a bridge switch, and of a freewheeling current in a freewheeling branch which contains the bridge switch with clocked load current drive being determined via another bridge arm.
 17. A switch as claimed in claim 11, wherein said drive is adapted for a motor-driven window winder drive or a belt roller drive for a motor vehicle.
 18. A switch as claimed in claim 17, wherein the rotation speed of the window winder drive motor or belt roller winding motor is controlled via a switching duty ratio of the switch.
 19. A switch as claimed in claim 17, having a higher load during use in a first rotation direction; and a lower load during use in a second rotation direction opposite the first rotational direction.
 20. A switch as claimed in claim 19, wherein the power rating for the switch is selected from the group of power ratings consisting of 75% of an assumed load current, 50% of an assumed load current, 25% of an assumed load current, and 100% of an assumed load current.
 21. An electrical drive apparatus assembly comprising, an electrical two-direction rotational motor, a full bridge circuit in electrical communication with said motor, said circuit comprising at least four switches, wherein the first switch has a power rating of 100% of an assumed load current, the second switch has a power rating less than the assumed load current of the first switch, the third switch has a power rating less than the assumed load current of the second switch, and the fourth switch has a power rating less than the assumed load current of the third switch. 